论“狄尔泰鸿沟”

On “Diltheyan Divide”

在文艺美学领域,"经验"与"体验"、科技与人文、"说明"与"解释"等二元对立模式无处不在,其思想源头之一即是所谓"狄尔泰鸿沟"。狄尔泰从模式、方法和结果等方面将自然科学和精神科学区分开来,认为自然科学采用经验/外在经验的模式,精神科学则采用体验/内在经验的模式;自然科学采用说明的方法并以"假说"为主要特征,而精神科学则采用理解、解释的方法;自然科学知识的"客观性/普遍有效性"是超历史的、先验的存在,而精神科学知识的"客观性"则是在历史之中并受历史条件限制的相对客观性。"狄尔泰鸿沟"通过其在世界范围的"理论旅行"而成为现代文艺美学学科的前提预设和庇护之所,也使走出这个鸿沟成为新世纪文艺美学的当务之急。

In the field of literary theory and aesthetics,binary oppositions such as“experience”and“lived experience”,techno-science and humanity,“explanation”and“interpretation”are everywhere.One of the theoretical sources is the so-called“Diltheyan Divide”.Dilthey separated the mode,methods,and outcomes of the human as now opposed to the natural sciences,holding that natural sciences adopt the mode of experience/external experience,while human sciences adopt the mode of lived experience/inner experience.Natural sciences use the method of explanation and take“hypothesis”as their main feature,while human sciences use the method of understanding and interpretation.The“objectivity/universal validity”of the knowledge of natural sciences is the a historical and transcendental existence,while the“objectivity”of the knowledge of human sciences is the relative objectivity in history and restricted by historical conditions.“Diltheyan Divide”,through its“theoretical travel”in the world,has become the premise and refuge of modern literary theory and aesthetics,and it has become an urgent task of literary theory aesthetics in the new century to get rid of this“Divide”.