论贺贻孙的诗学思想——以《诗筏》《诗触》为核心

The Main Features of Poetry: Reading Notes of He Yisun’s Shi Chu and Shi Fa

诗主蕴藉是贺贻孙在《诗筏》中借评《诗》提出的诗学思想。"厚"是其内核,神厚、气厚、味厚是其构成。其体系也受到庄子哲学的影响,常表现为诗有"言外之意",同时蕴藉亦可成为诗人诗性品质的一种评价。《诗触》中,贺贻孙解《诗》常以"无言之诗"思忖之,多以"美刺"释诗本义,总结出《诗》主"托寄""不言理,无非理"的特点及"插语代问""不注破"两种写作方法。

Implications,the main features of poetry,are the poetics thought put forward by He Yisun(贺贻孙)in his Shi Fa(《诗筏》).As the core of He Yisun’s thought,thickness,which is influenced by Zhuangzi’s philosophy,consists of three parts——the Thickness of Spirit(神厚),the Thickness of Qi(气厚)and the Thickness of Taste(味厚).Thickness often appears in poetry as"implications",and contains the evaluation of poetic quality of a poet.In Shi Chu(《诗触》),He Yisun always annotated the poetry as"meaningful poetry"and interpreted the original meaning of the poem with"euphemistic advice"(美刺).He summarized that The Book of Songs not only has characteristics of"entrusted","no discussion of philosophy,no wrong philosophy",but also has the two writing methods of"asking questions instead of others"(插语代问)and"not explaining it explicitly"(不注破),which is undoubtedly the expression of the thought of implications of the main features of poetry.