论后扶贫时代的反贫困战略

Anti-poverty Strategies in the Post-Poverty Period

2020年是中国脱贫攻坚收官之年。经过几十年的努力,中国终于消灭了绝对贫困,进入到反贫困的新阶段。由于存在自然风险、社会风险、市场风险,相对贫困总是存在的。如何继续有效开展反贫困工作将成为进入后扶贫时代反贫困的重要命题。后扶贫时代的反贫困战略要点有二:一是通过扶贫开发,对重点贫困地区进行长期的基础设施投入和公共服务投入,扶贫开发的重点要针对区域而不再针对具体的个人,要加强为个人提供基础生产生活条件的扶贫措施;二是通过专门的扶贫救助政策对陷入贫困的个人以救助,使贫困人口可以获得基本的生活生产条件。后扶贫时代的反贫困应当分类进行、分类治理,以专门的制度,通过专业的机构,通过专业的人员来回应不同人群的专门需要。

The year 2020 will mark the end of China’s poverty alleviation campaign.After decades of efforts,China has finally eradicated absolute poverty and entered a new stage in the fight against poverty.Due to the existence of natural,social and market risks,relative poverty will always exist.How to eradicate absolute poverty has become an important proposition in the fight against poverty in the post-poverty-alleviation period.This paper believes that there are two main points in the anti-poverty strategy for the post-poverty period.The first is to make long-term investment in infrastructure and public services in key poverty-stricken areas through poverty alleviation and development,with the focus of poverty alleviation and development on regions rather than specific individuals,and poverty alleviation measures to provide individuals with basic production and living conditions being strengthened.The second is to assist individuals in poverty through special poverty-alleviation policies,so as to provide the poor with basic living and productive conditions.Anti-poverty in the post-poverty period should be managed by classification,and should be responded to the specialized needs of different groups of people with a specialized system,through specialized institutions and specialized personnel.