陕西西安五楼遗址出土动物遗存初步分析

A Preliminary Analysis of Animal Remains from the Wulou Site in Xi'an,Shaanxi

五楼遗址位于西安市长安区五星街道北张堡村西、北部,沣河东岸约200米的台地上,2009年—2010年发掘出土仰韶时期至龙山时期的动物骨骼。经鉴定,这批动物骨骼分属瓣腮纲、鸟纲、哺乳纲,共3纲10种,包括豪猪、狗、野猪、家猪、獐、梅花鹿、狍等。研究表明,五楼遗址仰韶时期家养动物为猪、狗,龙山时期为猪,不同时期的野生动物的可鉴定标本数和最小个体数占比均高于家养动物,推测狩猎活动可能是五楼遗址重要的肉食资源获取方式。

Wulou site is located near modem Beizhangbao Village in Chang an District,Xi'an,stting on a terrace approximately 200 meters east of the Fenghe River.Archaeological fieldwork in 2009 and 2010 recovered an assemblage of animal remains dated to the prehistoric Yangshao and Longshan periods.Results from our zooarchaeological analysis show that the assemblage contained 10 animal species,including pig,dog,porcupine,sika deer,roe deer,etc.Domestic species in Yangshao period were pigs and dogs,and were pigs in Longshan period.Wild animals outnumber their domestic counterparts in terms of both the number of identifed specimens and the minimum number of individuals.This implies that hunting may have played an important role in subsistence practices at the site.