关中地区商周时期偏洞室墓初探

A Preliminary Study on the Partial Cave Chamber Tombs of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in Guanzhong Area

关中地区商周时期偏洞室墓与竖穴土坑墓在墓穴结构及丧葬习俗等方面存在明显差异,本文通过观察关中地区商周时期偏洞室墓的墓穴结构、丧葬习俗、墓葬等级与空间分布等特征,发现关中地区偏洞室墓自晚商至西周时期逐渐趋于规范化。该类偏洞室墓的来源应与甘青地区辛店文化墓葬葬俗有密切关系,其在文化分布与人群迁徙方面具有一定的指示特征。

There are obvious differences between the partial cave chamber tombs and the vertical cave tombs in Guanzhong area in terms of tomb structure and funeral customs.By observing the tomb structure,funeral customs,tomb grades and spatial distribution of the partial cave chamber tombs during the Shang and Zhou dynasties in the Guanzhong region,this article found that the partial cave chamber tombs in the Guanzhong region gradually became standardized from the late Shang to the Western Zhou period.The origin of this type of the partial cave chamber tombs should be closely related to the burial custom of Xindian culture in Gan and Qing area,and it has certain indicative characteristics in terms of cultural distribution and population migration.