新疆库车苏巴什佛寺遗址东寺石窟调查简报

Brief Report on the Investigation of the East Temple Grottoes at the SuBaShi Buddha Temple Site in Kuqa,Xinjiang

苏巴什佛寺遗址是新疆地区乃至于全国保留至今规模最大、保存完整、历史最悠久的古代佛寺遗址,反映了丝绸之路上的古龟兹地区长期作为西域佛教传播中心的历史。东寺虽仅存3座石窟,但其题材多样,内涵丰富。石窟形制主要为禅窟,体现了古龟兹在佛教信仰上曾经以重禅观的小乘佛教为主。千佛像则反映了随着唐王朝对西域的经营,大乘佛教也传播到了这里,在唐代及其以后,古龟兹地区出现了小乘与大乘佛教信仰混杂的局面。

Subashi Temple is the largest,well-preserved and oldest ancient Buddhist temple site in Xinjiang and even in the whole country,reflecting the long history of the ancient Qiuci area on the Silk Road as the center of Buddhism spread in the Western Regions.Although there are only three grottoes in the East Temple,they have various themes and rich connotations.The grottoes are dominated by Zen grottoes,which reflects the ancient Qiuci’s belief in Buddhism,which was once dominated by Hinayana,which valued Zen.Thousands of Buddha statues reflect that Mahayana Buddhism spread to the area along with the Tang Dynasty’s management of the Western Regions.Thus,in the Tang Dynasty and beyond,there was a mixture of the Hinayana and the Mahayana Buddhism in the ancient Qiuci region.