黄绵土区甘蓝型冬油菜生产品质与土壤质量对不同配肥的响应

Effects of Different Formula Fertilizers on Production Quality of Rape and Soil Quality in Loessial Soil Area

为探究黄绵土区不同肥料配施对甘蓝型冬油菜经济性状、产量品质及土壤化学性质的影响,以2因素4水平裂区试验设计主处理为不施有机肥和施有机肥,副处理为不施肥、氮肥单施、氮磷肥配施、氮磷钾肥配施8个处理,即CK、N、NP、NPK、M、MN、MNP、MNPK。结果表明:不同施肥处理对冬油菜生育期增延2~9 d,株高增加14.47~62.10 cm,单株总角果个数增多61.94~199.94个,增产507.20~2782.12kg/hm2,其中MNPK处理单株总角果数最多为268.00个,较对照增加293.77%,产量最高为3418.38kg/hm2,较对照增产437.26%,其他处理按产量排序为MNP、NPK>MN、NP>M>N,分别较对照增产2334.94kg/hm2、2229.90kg/hm2、1611.65kg/hm2、1578.64kg/hm2、939.38 kg/hm2、507.20 kg/hm2,增幅为366.98%、350.47%、253.30%、248.11%、147.64%、79.72%;M处理籽粒含油量最高达48.55%,较对照增加2.49%,蛋白质质量分数最低为18.23%,较对照降低4.14%,硫甙质量摩尔浓度仅M处理较对照显著降低10.25μmol/g,芥酸等其他籽粒品质未显著受施肥影响;冬油菜收获后各处理土壤全钾质量分数较种植前显著下降0.03%~0.24%,对照土壤有机质下降0.06%,NP处理有机质质量分数不变,其他处理有机质显著增加0.05%~0.67%。综合考虑,黄绵土区中以有机肥(7500 kg/hm2)和氮磷钾肥配施(N 150 kg/hm2,P2O575 kg/hm2,K2O 75 kg/hm2)处理对甘蓝型冬油菜的产量、经济性状、籽粒品质及土壤有机质的综合提升效果显著。

For studying the effects of different formula fertilizers on the economic traits,yield of rape(Brassica napus L.)and soil physicochemical properties at loessial soil area,the experiment was conducted by two-factor and four-level split-block design,which the main treatment was organic fertilizer application or non organic fertilizer,the subsidiary treatments were treatments of no fertilization,single application of nitrogen,combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(CK,N,NP,NPK,M,MN,MNP,MNPK).The results showed that different fertilizer treatments increased the growth period by 2 to 9 days while plant height increased by 14.47 cm to 62.10 cm and total pod number per plant increased by 61.94 to 199.94 and yield by 507.20 kg/hm2 to 2782.12 kg/hm2.The maximum number of total pod per plant by MNPK treatment was 268,it was 293.77%more than that of CK.The highest yield was 3418.38 kg/hm2,it was 437.26%more than that of CK.the yield ranking of other treatments was MNP,NPK>MN,NP>M>N,which increased CK by 2334.94 kg/hm2,2229.90 kg/hm2,1611.65 kg/hm2,1578.64 kg/hm2,939.38 kg/hm2 and 507.20 kg/hm2 respectively,while the amplification was 366.98%,350.47%,253.30%,248.11%,147.64%and 79.72%.The oil mass fraction of rapeseeds under M treatment was 48.55%,which was 2.49%higher than that of the CK.The lowest protein mass fraction was 18.23%,4.14%lower than that of CK.The glucosinolates mass fraction of M treatment was significantly decreased by 10.25μmol/g than CK.The erucic acid mass fraction and other seeds were not significantly affected by fertilization.After harvest,the total potassium mass fraction of soil in all treatments decreased significantly by 0.03%to 0.24%compared with CK.Soil organic matter in CK decreased by 0.06%,but the NP treatment was unchanged.In other treatments,it was increased significantly by 0.05%to 0.67%.Taking all factors into consideration,the combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(N 150 kg/hm2,P2O575 kg/hm2,K2O 75 kg/hm2)in the loessial soil area had a significant effect on the comprehensive improvement of the yield,economic characters,grain quality and soil organic matter.