不同水分供应对小麦氮素积累、分配和产量的影响

Effect of Different Water Supplies on Nitrogen Accumulation Distribution and Yield in Wheat

为探究不同水分供应对小麦花后氮素积累和分配的调控作用,以‘普冰151’‘晋麦47’和‘普冰9946’为试验材料,田间模拟旱作栽培(W0)、少雨年(W1)、平雨年(W2)和多雨年(W3)环境,研究不同水分环境下小麦开花前后植株不同器官氮素吸收、积累和转运的异同。结果表明,与W0相比,小麦营养器官在W1、W2和W3环境下开花期氮素积累量以及花后转运氮素量均高于W0(除W2环境下的‘晋麦47’),小麦营养器官氮素转运量分别比W0提高2.4%~22.9%、9.5%~10.5%和16.2%~30.2%,水分供应促进小麦营养器官花前积累氮素在花后再分配至籽粒。W1环境下‘晋麦47’营养器官氮素的平均转运效率显著高于W0;而‘普冰151’和‘普冰9946’在W1环境下显著小于W0。说明水分增加对小麦氮素转运能力的影响在品种间存在较大差异。与W0相比,‘普冰151’和‘普冰9946’产量在水分处理条件下显著增加,但水分处理之间差异不显著;‘晋麦47’则表现为W3较W0减产但不显著,W2产量显著高于W0;水分供应主要通过提高单位面积穗数进而提高产量。

To explore the regulation effect of different water supplies on nitrogen accumulation and distribution in wheat after anthesis,‘Pubing 151’‘Jinmai 47’and‘Pubing 9946’were planted under dry farming cultivation(W0),rainless year(W1),normal rain year(W2)and rainness year(W3)environments in the field to study similarities and differences in nitrogen uptake,accumulation and transport of wheat after anthesis.The results showed that,accumulation of nitrogen at anthesis stage and amount of nitrogen transport after anthesis were higher under W1,W2 and W3 environments than under W0 environment in vegetative organs of wheat(except for the‘Jinmai 47’under the W2 environment).The amount of nitrogen transport in vegetative organs of wheat were increased by 2.4%-22.9%,9.5%-10.5%and 16.2%-30.2%under the W1,W2 and W3 environment,respectively,compare with those under W0 environment,suggesting water supply promoted the redistribution of nitrogen accumulation in the vegetative organs before anthesis to the grains.The average transport efficiency of nitrogen in the vegetative organs of‘Jinmai 47’was significantly higher under W1 environment(P<0.05),but‘Pubing 151’and‘Pubing 9946’was lower,compare with those under W0 environment,indicating the effect of increasing water on wheat nitrogen transport capacity was quite different among varieties.Compared with under W0 environment,the yields of‘Pubing 151’and‘Pubing 9946’were significantly greater under water treatment conditions than that under W0 environment,but were no significantly differences were found between water treatments.‘Jinmai 47’yield under W3 environment was lower than under W0 environment but not significant,while it was significantly higher under W2 environment.Water supply improving wheat yield was achieved by increasing panicle number per the unit area.