多民族国家的国家认同建设:价值、困境与出路

The National Identity Construction in a Multi-ethnic Nation:Value,Dilemmas and Solutions

作为政治一体化过程的核心要素,国家认同建设反映着多民族国家的政治整合能力、社会治理能力和国家濡化能力,其成败得失关乎国家治理能力的现代化程度和水平。当今世界,多民族国家的国家认同建设普遍面临诸多挑战,如民族异质政策与村社政治对国家认同的消解、现代化进程中公民教育与身份识别的矛盾、恐怖主义与极端民族主义对国家认同的撕裂、全球化对边疆地区政治安全的新考验等,其中新旧矛盾相互交织、传统与非传统问题相互复合、不同类型考验相互叠加。为了应对各种挑战,多民族国家需要进行持续的政治整合,在合理把握民族认同和国家认同内在张力的前提下,以公民教育为基础促进国家主体意识提升,理顺国家、政府和执政党认同的逻辑关系,夯实多元一体基础,构建民族共同体。新时代中国国家认同建设的前景在于进一步完善国家治理的体制机制,充分发挥中国特色社会主义制度优势,铸牢中华民族共同体意识,构建凝聚力更强的中华民族命运共同体。

As the core element in the process of political integration,the national identity construction reflects the political integration capacity,social governance capacity and national enculturation capacity in a multi-ethnic nation;and it is a matter of the modernization of national governance capacity.In the current world,the national identity construction in multi-ethnic nations is confronted with challenges such as the dispelling of national identity by heterogeneous ethnic policies and village-community politics,the conflicts between citizenship education and identification in the process of modernization,the separation of national identity by terrorism and extreme nationalism,new challenges of political security in bordering areas imposed by globalization.Among them both new and old conflicts intertwine,traditional and non-traditional problems combine,various tests overlap.To cope with these challenges,a multi-ethnic nation need a continuous political integration.Under the condition of rationally handling the inner tension between ethnic identity and national identity,the sense of state subject should be promoted based on citizenship education;the integration of diversity should be strengthened and the national community should be constructed.In the new era,the prospect of China’s national identity construction lies in the further perfection of system mechanism of national governance,the full play of the system strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics,the consolidation of the sense of the community for the Chinese nation,and the construction of a more cohesive community with shared future for the Chinese nation.