蒙旗社会的跨界流动与人际交往——以乾隆朝归化城土默特四个诉讼案为中心的考察

Cross-border Migrating and Interpersonal Communication in the Mongolian Society——A Case of Four Lawsuits in The Guihuacheng Tümed during the Qianlong Period

清廷秉持“因俗而治”“众建分治”的思想统御蒙古地区。以此为前提,在蒙地编设蒙旗,划定旗界。同时,还制定律令,不许蒙汉民众在蒙旗与蒙旗之间、蒙地与内地之间随意流动。不过,出于日常生计需要,蒙汉民众不断通过各种合法和非法途径,在界限内外迁徙流动并展开各式人际交往。蒙古人主要依托藏传佛教路径进行人际往来。汉人主要经由亲戚或同乡建立社会关系。蒙汉之间则通过买卖、雇佣等经济活动实现族际互动。在蒙汉民众频繁的跨界流动和人际交往中,内地与蒙地之间的社会经济联系日益紧密,一体化程度不断加深。

The Qing court governed the Mongols by weakening their horizontal solidarity and keeping their past customs.In this context,the Mongol banners were set up,and the boundary was confirmed.At the same time,The Qing court didn’t allow the Mongols and Han migrants to move freely.However,they continue to migrate through various legal and illegal methods.They interacted with each other by various social network.In this paper,The Mongols made friends with each other relying on the Tibetan Buddhist.Han migrants communicated with each other through relatives or rural relations.The Mongols and Han migrants interacted in the economic activities.In the frequent cross-border migrating and interpersonal communication,the socio-economic links between the Mainland and Inner Mongolia are getting closer.