十六国北朝时期的休官与天水权氏——中古早期民族融合的个案考察

Xiu-Guan Tribe and The Quan Clan of Tianshui in Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasties——A Case Study of the Ethnic Fusion in the Early Middle Ages

休官是十六国北朝陇右地区的一个杂胡部族。休官的形成,是中古早期民族融合的一个缩影。通过对其姓氏的考察,可知休官是由氐、屠各、土著汉人等融合而成。天水权氏是中古陇右汉族大姓,因长期与氐、屠各等族错居杂处、通婚联姻,逐渐胡化,乃至融入休官。以传世文献为基础,结合造像题记,不仅可以洞察天水权氏胡化、婚姻与社会网络等问题,亦可增进对中古早期的休官族及陇右民族融合的认识。

The Xiu-Guan(休官)was a Za-Hu(杂胡)tribe in the Longyou area during the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern Dynasties.The formation of Xiu-Guan is a microcosm of the ethnic fusion in the early middle ages.Through the investigation on their surnames,we can see that the Xiu-Guan were composed of the Di(氐)and Tu-Ge(屠各)and the indigenous Han people.The Quan clan of Tianshui(天水权氏)was a powerful Han clan of Longyou area in the middle ages.Because of the tribe-mixed life and intermarriage with Di and Tu-Ge tribe,the Quan clan gradually became Hu-hua(胡化),and assimilate into the Xiu-Guan tribe.Based on traditional literature and combined inscriptions of statues,we can not only penetrate the“Hu-Hua”,marriage and social network of the Quan clan of Tianshui,but also enhance the understanding of Xiu-Guan tribe and ethnic fusion in the early middle ages.