乾隆时期译制多语种版本《楞严经》形制及流传述略

A Brief Comment on Forms and Circulation of Sūrangamasūtra with Multi-lingual Translations During Qianlong’s Reign

乾隆时期译制的少数民族语种《楞严经》,从版本上看,既有写本,也有刻本。文种方面,既有藏文、满文等单种,也有藏、满、蒙、汉四种文字合璧本。可以说,《楞严经》的翻译与传播反映了不同民族在语言、文字、佛教文化等领域的互动。乾隆皇帝以御制方式推动这一佛教经典的多语种化,并将少数民族语种《楞严经》颁发于京城、热河、盛京、内外蒙古、西藏、新疆等全国各地主要藏传佛教寺庙,使其流布更广,促进了清代汉、满、蒙、藏等多个民族间的文化互融,成为我国民族文化交流与交融的一件例证。

Sūrangamasūtra in minority languages translated during Qianlong’s reign has both written and engraved versions.In terms of literary types,there are single Tibetan,Manchu and other languages,as well as Tibetan,Manchu,Mongolian and Chinese languages integrated into one version.It can be said that the translation and circulation of Sūrangamasūtra reflects the interaction among different ethnic groups in such fields as language,writing and Buddhist culture.Emperor Qianlong promoted the multi-lingualization of this Buddhist classic with the imperial system,and awarded the minority language Sūrangamasūtra to the main Tibetan Buddhist temples in Beijing,Rehe,Shengjing,Inner Mongolia,Outer Mongolia,Tibet,Xinjiang,etc.These measures make Sūrangamasūtra spread more widely,and have closely related to the spiritual connection between Han,Manchu,Mongolian,Tibetan and other ethnic groups who believe in Tibetan Buddhism.The translation and circulation of Sūrangamasūtra has become an example of the cultural exchange and integration among different ethnic groups in China.