基层社会的治理与互动:基于清末吐鲁番坎儿井民事纠纷的考察

Governance and Interaction of Grassroots Society:Based on the Investigation of Civil Disputes in Karez of Turpan in the Late Qing Dynasty

光绪三年(1877)清军收复吐鲁番后,大量坎儿井民事纠纷涌入公堂,吐鲁番同知将其委任地方首领进行调处,而这些民事纠纷的解决,将民众、地方首领、地方官联系在一起,形成了族群间、官民间的一种良性互动。吐鲁番的族群多元复杂,使该地民事纠纷的处理呈现出国家法和民间习惯法相结合的地方特色。这种治理方式是该区族群长期以来经济文化交往的结果,亦是清朝在新疆所推行的"因俗而治"治理理念的具体体现。

After Turpan recovering in 1877,a large number of Karez civil disputes into the government,Turpan’s Tongzhi(同知)entrusted it to the local leader to mediate it.These disputes linked the grassroots,local leaders and officials together,realizing the interaction among ethnic groups,the government and the people in a benign way.The ethnic groups are diverse and complex,so that the processing of the civil disputes in this area has combined the national law and the customary law.The choice of this kind of governance is the result of the long-term economic and cultural exchanges between the ethnic groups in the region and it also the embodiment of the concept of"government by custom"governance in Xinjiang of Qing Dynasty.