民国政府与新疆茶叶贸易研究

The Study on the Republic of China and Xinjiang Tea Trade

民国初期,北洋政府沿袭清朝旧制,将新疆归属官茶引地,但茶引制逐渐被泛滥的俄茶破坏,北洋政府和新疆省政府都无法制止俄商的破坏行为。俄国十月革命后,新疆省政府借机与俄国签订新的商贸条约,使得新俄在茶叶贸易中处于表面上的平等地位。苏联(俄)在新经济政策后,利用交通优势再次将大量茶叶输入新疆,中国茶商无力与之竞争,直到苏德战争爆发,此种局面才有所改观。国民政府利用抗战时期的战时体制,通过国营的中国茶叶公司将内地的茶叶调配至新疆,成为国民政府干预新疆茶叶市场之始。随着战时体制结束,苏茶又一次大规模输入新疆。综观民国时期中央和新疆两级政府始终无法从根本上改善新疆茶叶市场,导致商业利权外溢,威胁新疆商贸安全。

In the early years of the Republic of China,the Beiyang government followed the Qing Dynasty’s old system,and placed Xinjiang in the area of official tea.However,the area was gradually destroyed by the overwhelming Russian tea.The Beiyang government and Xinjiang provincial government were unable to stop the destruction of Russian businessmen.After the October Revolution in Russia,the Xinjiang provincial government took the opportunity to sign a new trade treaty with Russia,which made the two sides have a seemingly equal status in trade.After the new economic policy,the Soviet Union once again imported a large amount of tea into Xinjiang by virtue of its transportation advantages.Chinese tea merchants could not compete with it until the situation of the Soviet-German war broke out.The National Government used the wartime system during the Counter-Japanese War to deploy the mainland tea to Xinjiang through the state-run Chinese tea company,which became the beginning of the national government’s intervention in the Xinjiang tea market.With the end of the wartime system,Soviet tea was once again imported into Xinjiang.In short,during the Republic of China,the central and Xinjiang governments could not fundamentally improve the Xinjiang tea market,resulting in the spillover of commercial rights,and threats to trade security in Xinjiang.