太阳能路面研究现状及展望

Research status and prospect of solar pavement

为了促进太阳能光伏发电路面的研究与应用,通过搜集整理国内外相关文献资料,总结分析了太阳能路面的结构组成、工作原理与研究进展,以及目前各种结构模型的特点和存在问题,对比评价了几种典型的太阳能路面试验工程,据此对太阳能路面未来所面临的挑战和发展趋势进行了分析与展望。研究结果表明:太阳能路面主要由透光抗滑表层、光伏电池中层和隔水保护底层3层组成,能同时满足交通运输和清洁发电的功能要求;其结构型式总体可分为实体板块和空心板块两类,前者具有良好的承载能力和稳定性,但无法兼顾中层电池板的压裂失效和摆放角度等问题,而后者则可有效避免这些问题,但要做好密水或防排水措施;因结构和材料不同,导致国内外太阳能路面试验工程在板块单元尺寸、路面铺设方式、表层抗滑纹理、中层太阳能电池选型及造价等方面存在差异,且在重载交通、材料性能退化、假设条件理想化和自然环境等因素的影响下,使得实际发电效能和使用寿命等均未能达到预期效果。未来研究应主要对结构设计理论与方法、各结构层的设计与制备、性能测试与评价标准、整体结构制备与施工工艺、养护与维修、发电系统组装与智慧道路系统集成、多元化设计及性价比等基础问题进行突破,从而建立一套可靠完整的太阳能路面建管养体系。

To promote the research and applications of solar photovoltaic power generation pavement,its structure composition,working principle,and research progress as well as the current characteristics and existing problems for various structure models were summarized and analyzed by collecting and sorting the relevant literature data at home and abroad.Several typical solar pavement test projects were compared and evaluated.Then,the challenges and development trends of solar pavement in the future were analyzed and prospected.The results show that solar pavement is mainly composed of three layers,namely,the transparent anti-skid surface layer,the photovoltaic cells middle layer,and the water-proof protection bottom layer,which can satisfy the functional requirements of traffic transportation and clean power generation at the same time.In general,the structure types of solar pavement can be divided into two,solid plate and hollow slab.The former has good bearing capacity and stability but cannot avoid problems with fracture failure,placement angle,and others of the middle photovoltaic cell panels,and the latter can effectively avoid such problems but the watertight or waterproof and drainage measures should be taken.Due to the different structures and materials,there are differences in plate element size,pavement paving methods,surface anti-skid texture,type selection of middle solar cells,and construction costs between domestic and foreign solar pavement test projects.Moreover,under the influences of heavy traffic,degradation of material properties,idealization of assumed conditions,natural environment,etc.,these test projects have not achieved the expected results in terms of actual power generation efficiency and service life.Future research should focus on the following basic problems to break through these barriers,structure design theory and method,design and preparation of each structure layer,performance testing and evaluation standards,preparation and construction technology of whole structure,maintenance and repair,power system assembling and smart road system integrating,diversified design,performance price ratio,etc.Then,a reliable and complete system can be established for the construction,management,and maintenance of solar pavement.3 tabs,9 figs,56 refs.