雇佣关系中违反保密义务的行为界定标准与后果的实证比较研究

An Empirical Comparative Study on the Defining Standards and Consequences of Violations of Confidentiality Obligations in Employment Relationships

员工违反保密义务的行为是否侵犯商业秘密,《反不正当竞争法》的法律内容不清晰且司法实践不一致。相关法律的不确定性可能会引发企业滥用商业秘密诉讼,也可能影响员工的基本权益与创新积极性。本文在对中国与美国的司法实践开展比较实证研究后,建议《反不正当竞争法》中盗窃商业秘密的认定应参考《刑法》中关于盗窃商业秘密的定义;明确雇佣关系中盗窃商业秘密的客体要件;结合侵权的主观要件,基于侵权行为与实际或潜在损害的因果关系来确认损害赔偿数额,合理计算赔偿金额;善用行为禁令。

The legal content of the Anti Unfair Competition Law is unclear and the judicial practice is inconsistent regarding whether employees violate confidentiality obligations and infringe upon trade secrets.The uncertainty of relevant laws may lead to the abuse of trade secret lawsuits by enterprises,and may also affect the basic rights and innovation enthusiasm of employees.After conducting a comparative empirical study on the judicial practices of China and the United States,the author suggests that the determination of theft of trade secrets in the Anti Unfair Competition Law should refer to the definition of theft of trade secrets in the Criminal Law;Clarify the object requirements for stealing trade secrets in employment relationships;Based on the subjective elements of infringement,determine the amount of compensation for damages based on the causal relationship between the infringement and actual or potential damages,and calculate the compensation amount reasonably;Properly use prohibition of behavior.