渤海海域非法捕捞水产品犯罪实证分析

An Empirical Analysis of the Crime of Illegal Fishing of Aquatic Products in the Bohai Sea

我国海洋经济发展迅速,海上活动日益频繁,海洋生态环境保护面临挑战。渤海综合治理是全国污染防治攻坚战的重要战役之一,近年来渤海区域海上非法捕捞水产品案件呈逐步上升的趋势。经分析辽宁、河北、山东和天津三省一市相关基层法院2015—2021年渤海海域非法捕捞水产品罪判决,发现此类犯罪从犯罪主体、手段、刑罚多方面特征鲜明。结合司法实践,从违法性认识、单位犯罪、罪责刑均衡等方面分析非法捕捞水产品案件实体法律适用问题;结合海警改革背景,归纳取证难点与要点;结合案件特征,提出“一个中心,两种关怀,三个效果,横向内外合作,纵向上下打击”的机制构想。

With the rapid development of China’s marine economy and increasingly frequent marine activities,the protection of marine ecological environment is facing challenges.The comprehensive treatment of the Bohai Sea is one of the important campaigns in the national pollution prevention and control battle.In recent years,the cases of illegal fishing of aquatic products in the Bohai Sea region have gradually increased.Based on the analysis of the judgments of the relevant grass-roots courts in Liaoning,Hebei,Tianjin and Shandong provinces and cities on the crime of illegal fishing of aquatic products in the Bohai Sea from 2015 to 2021,it is found that such crimes have distinctive characteristics from the subject,means and punishment of the crime.Combined with judicial practice,the group analyzes the application of substantive law in cases of illegal fishing of aquatic products from the aspects of illegality,unit crime and the balance of crime,responsibility and punishment;Combined with the background of maritime police reform,the group summarizes the difficulties and key points of evidence collection;Combined with the characteristics of the case,the group puts forward the concept of“one center,two kinds of care,three effects,horizontal internal and external cooperation and vertical attack”.