我国渤海污染防治法律路径探究

Research on Legal Path of Pollution Prevention and Control in the Bohai Sea in China

渤海是中国的最大内海,但工业的集聚排放对渤海环境造成了严重的损害。针对这一问题,我国各级立法与行政机关出台了一系列法律法规规章,形成了一套包括重点海域污染物排放总量控制制度、跨区域跨部门的环境污染防治协调制度与专项整治计划在内的渤海污染防治法律制度体系。但我国目前仍存在立法协作不足,配套立法落后,跨区域协调不足等问题。借鉴《长江保护法》立法经验,在渤海综合治理攻坚战已经取得重大成果的背景下,未来渤海污染防治的完善,需要中央层面制定渤海特别法,实行完善“湾长制”,完善重点海域排污总量控制配套立法,建立专门跨区域环境治理协作机制,从而将渤海综合治理攻坚战的成果固定下来,形成长效机制。

The Bohai Sea is the largest inland sea in China,but industrial agglomeration and emission have caused serious damage to the environment of the Bohai Sea.In response to this problem,China’s legislative and administrative organs at all levels have issued a series of laws,regulations and rules,forming a set of the Bohai Sea pollution prevention and control legal system,including the total emission control system of pollutants in key sea areas,the cross-regional and cross-sectoral environmental pollution prevention and control coordination system and the special rectification plan.However,there are still some problems in this system,such as insufficient legislative cooperation,backward supporting legislation and insufficient cross-regional coordination.Drawing on the legislative experience of The Yangtze River Protection Law,and against the background of major achievements in the comprehensive management of the Bohai Sea,the improvement of pollution prevention and control in the Bohai Sea in the future requires the formulation of a special law on the Bohai Sea at the central level.In the meantime,we should implement and improve the Gulf Chiefs System,improve supporting system of total amount control in key sea areas,and establish a special cross-regional cooperation mechanism for environmental governance,so as to fix the achievements of the comprehensive management of the Bohai Sea and form a long-term mechanism.