宅基地使用权改革进路法治探析——以农地“三权分置”为视角

Study on the Reform of Homestead Use Right and the Rule of Law——Comparative Analysis from the Perspective of“Separation of the Three Rights”of Farmland

宅基地“三权分置”与农地“三权分置”都要强化集体所有权,从占有、使用、收益、处分四项权能切实地加强“农民集体”的所有权。对比土地承包权的财产权属性,宅基地资格权兼具身份性和财产属性,现实中被农户普遍应用为“股权”,宅基地资格权作为“股权”可以较好回应作为农村基本单位的“户”与农村集体成员个体的矛盾。“三权分置”下宅基地使用权改革应当放活宅基地使用权的流转,在宅基地使用权上设立次级使用权,从而将宅基地使用权让渡给宅基地使用权受让人,在约定或者法定的期限内宅基地受让人可以行使宅基地使用权的权利。

Both the“three rights separation”of homestead and the“three rights separation”of farmland should strengthen the collective ownership.The ownership of“farmers’collective”can be effectively strengthened from the four rights of possession,use,income and disposal.Compared with the property right attribute of land contract right,homestead qualification right has both identity and property attributes,and is widely used as“equity”by farmers in reality.As“equity”,homestead qualification right can better respond to the contradiction between“household”as the basic unit in rural areas and individual members of rural collective.The reform of the right to use homestead under the separation of the three rights should release the circulation of the right to use homestead,establish the secondary right to use homestead,so as to transfer the right to use homestead to the assignee of the right to use homestead,and the assignee of the right to use homestead can exercise the right to use homestead within the agreed or legal time limit.