非法催收不予保护债务入刑的正当根据与规范诠释

The Proper Basis and Standard Interpretation of the Criminal Regulation of Illegal Urgent Recall of Illegal Debt

《刑法修正案(十一)(草案)》拟新增之"非法催收不予保护债务罪"(暂定)以立法犯罪化的形式将非法催收不受法律保护债务行为纳入刑法规制范围,具备内在正当性,体现了刑事法律积极参与社会治理与特定行为之社会危害流变性之间的良性互动,有利于完善相关行为法律规制体系。本罪的规范诠释应重视发挥刑法法益的解释论机能,以实现对相关行为不法与罪责的精准评价。在法益理解方面,应明确本罪罪刑规范旨在保护社会公共秩序利益;在客观行为方面,应体系性地把握"以此为业"的实质内涵,警惕公权力的不当扩张。对缺乏"以此为业"性质、偶发性并在法律允许范围内的催收行为,应认定为公民积极维权而予以除罪化处理。

The"crime of illegal collection of unprotected debts"(provisional)proposed in the amendment(11)(Draft)of the criminal law will bring the illegal collection of unprotected debts into the scope of criminal law regulation in the form of legislation criminalization,which has inherent legitimacy.It reflects the positive interaction between the active participation of criminal law in social governance and the change of social harm caused by specific behaviors,which is conducive to improving the legal regulation system of relevant behaviors.The normative interpretation of this crime should pay attention to the explanatory function of the legal interest of criminal law,so as to realize the accurate evaluation of the illegal behavior and responsibility.In the understanding of legal interests,we should make clear that the crime and punishment norms are aimed at protecting the interests of public order.In the aspect of objective behavior,we should systematically grasp the essence of"taking this as an occupation"and guard against the improper expansion of public power.The collection behavior which lacks the nature of"taking this as a business"and is accidental and within the scope of legal permission should be regarded as citizens’active rights protection and should be decriminalized.