重构全球化:全球经济治理的改革取向

Reconstructing Globalization: The Reform Orientation of Global Economic Governance

经济全球化与全球经济治理体系的关系符合马克思"经济基础与上层建筑关系"理论,即经济全球化起着基础性决定作用,而全球经济治理体系对其有着促进或阻碍的反作用。全球价值链扩展和深化,需要对WTO多边贸易规则体系进行变革,但多哈回合的停滞、区域贸易协定的蔓延等,已经背离了全球价值链对全球经济治理的要求。近年来,美国启动的国际经贸规则重构,企图通过全球经济治理体系的反作用来重塑世界经济,正在将全球经济治理拖入"排他性"区域化模式,不仅造成"逆全球化"趋势,也损害了世界各国的共同利益。而全球公共卫生危机进一步将供应链问题提到国家经济安全的高度,并可能加剧全球经济治理的区域化困境,疫后世界经济联系的修补极可能是一个"重构全球化"的过程,而不是简单地恢复此前的全球价值链。本质上而言,对于未来国际经贸规则的构建,美国大选后仍将在相当长的一段时间内采取"排他性"的区域化模式,世界上层建筑和经济基础之间的不协调将呈现新的形态。作为高度融入经济全球化的贸易大国,中国应当坚定自身主张,积极推动全球经济治理体系的改革与完善,使全球经济治理符合世界经济发展的客观要求。

The dialectical relationship between economic globalization and the global economic governance system is basically in line with Marx’s theory of"economic foundation and superstructure".Economic globalization plays a fundamentally decisive role,while the global economic governance system has the opposite effect of promoting or hindering on it,and the two are closely related.The expansion of the global value chains requires timely and effective changes to the WTO multilateral trade rules system.Due to the stagnation of the Doha Round,the spread of regional trade agreements has departed from the normal approach of global economic governance.In 2018,the United States initiated the reconstruction of international economic and trade rules,attempting to reshape the world economy through the counteraction of superstructures,but further dragged global economic governance into an"exclusive"regional approach,which not only caused an"anti-globalization"trend,but also harmed the common interests of countries around the world.The current global public health crisis has brought the issue of supply chain security to the level of national security and may exacerbate the dilemma of global economic governance.As a major economy that is deeply integrated into economic globalization,China should strengthen its advocate and actively promote the improvement of the global economic governance system,to make sure that the global economic governance can return to the normal approach and form a dynamic virtuous circle with the development of the world economy.