复杂网络视角下区域专利的发展演化特征——以扬州地区为例

The Development and Evolution Characteristics of Regional Patents from the Perspective of Complex Networks——Based on Yangzhou Area

[目的/意义]从复杂网络视角研究区域专利在专利权人合作、专利申请领域的发展演化特征,为区域专利的研究方法提供一定的参考。[方法/过程]基于扬州地区1985-2020年期间申请的发明专利数据,利用复杂网络的研究方法,研究区域专利的发展演化情况,分别构建专利发展3个时期的专利权人合作关系网络和IPC技术分类合作网络,统计网络的度分布、二方组项目度分布、项目大小分布、集群系数和同类性等统计性质。[结果/结论]通过对统计结果的分析,发现专利权人之间的合作并没有随着网络的(专利申请量)的增长而加强,不同时期下,大部分的专利仅具有独立的专利权人。从IPC技术分类合作网络来看,绝大多数专利涉及的IPC技术领域(按照IPC分类号大类)都是两项,专利涉及的技术领域间的交叉也没有随着网络的发展而加强。另外,IPC技术分类合作网络的项目大小在网络发展的不同时期都呈现出幂律分布,即按照IPC分类号大类来看,每个IPC分类号所包含的专利数表明大部分专利集中在少数的IPC技术领域。

[Purpose/significance]From the perspective of complex networks,the development and evolution characteristics of regional patents in the field of patentee cooperation and patent applications are studied,this paper provides some reference for research methods of regional patents.[Method/process]Based on invented patent information from 1985 to 2020 in Yangzhou area,this paper researched the development and evolution of regional patents by using complex network method,and got respective results of patentee cooperation networks and the IPC technology classification cooperation network of three periods,such as degree distribution of networks,node-pair degree distribution,act-size distribution,clustering coefficient and the homogeneity.[Result/conclusion]Through the analysis of statistical results,this study finds that the cooperation between patentees has not been increased with the growth of the network(patent application volume),and under different periods,there are independent patent holders of most patents.Viewed from the IPC technology classification cooperation network,the vast majority of patents cover two IPC technology fields(according to the IPC classification number category),the intersection of technology field of patents also did not strengthen with the development of the network.In addition,the project size of the IPC technology classification cooperation network shows a power law distribution at different times in the development of the network,that is,according to the IPC classification number category,the number of patents contained in each IPC classification number indicates that most patents are concentrated on a small number of IPC technology fields.