第三类劳动者视角下网约工法律身份认定的困境及出路

The Difficulties and Reflections of the Legal Identity of Online Workers from the Perspective of the Third Type of Workers

随着互联网技术的应用,以网络平台为依托的“零工经济”蓬勃兴起,网约工的法律身份问题备受关注。基于社会文化背景及法律框架的差异,世界各国关于网约工的身份判定标准主要有“二元化”和“三分法”两种类型。由于传统“二元化”模式存在过度规制或规制不足的缺陷,故而产生了“三分法”理论,即创设第三类劳动者,由于其概念界定的模糊性、权利体系构架的复杂性及实践效用的非预期性,在制度构建中仍存在诸多障碍。因此,我国应秉持劳动法的济世价值,结合国情综合考量,拓宽对网约工群体权益保护的路径,避免抽象的类型化规制所导致的企业套利与职责规避。

With the application of Internet technology,the“gig economy”based on network platforms has flourished,and the legal identity of online appointments has attracted much attention.Based on the differences in social and cultural backgrounds and legal frameworks,there are two main types of identification standards for online appointment workers in the world:the“dualization”model and the“trichotomy”.Due to the defects of excessive regulation or insufficient regulation in the traditional“dual framework”model,the“trichotomy”theory was born,that is,the creation of the third type of workers.The unexpectedness of practical utility still has many obstacles in the construction of our system.Therefore,China should uphold the value of labor law in its legislation,and take into account the national conditions of the dual employment structure in urban and rural areas,broaden the path for protecting the rights and interests of online job groups,and avoid arbitrage and evasion caused by abstract typed regulations.