佛教目连信仰对霞浦摩尼教的影响——以新发现的三件摩尼教科仪书为中心

The Influenceof Buddhist Mullian(Maha^maudgalya^yana)Beliefon Xiapu Manichaeism——Centering on Three Newly Discovered Manichean Religious Ritual Ceremony Books

在福建霞浦等地发现的摩尼教科仪文书中,《借锡杖文》《借珠文》和《付锡杖偈》三篇科仪文内容与“目连”直接相关,与其相关的内容在其他霞浦文书中也有所见。“目连”传说原本诞生于佛教,流传范围广泛,后来又衍生出“血盆信仰”,并逐渐被道教和民间传统文化所吸收,形成了相关的科仪。是知,“目连”与“血盆信仰”在霞浦摩尼教文献中出现,这一方面说明摩尼教对佛道和民间文化的杂糅,另一方面也说明霞浦摩尼教已逐渐融入闽地的民间文化当中。

Among the Manichean religious ritual ceremony books found in Xiapu,Fujian,the contents of the three books,“Borrowing Xizhang Wen”,“Borrowing Zhuwen”and“Fu Xizhang Ji”,are directly related to Maha^maudgalya^yana,and their related contents are also found in other Xiapu Manichean religious ritual ceremony books.The legend of Maha^maudgalya^yana was originally born in Buddhism and spread widely.Later,it derived the“blood basin belief”and was gradually absorbed by Taoism and traditional folk culture,forming a related religious ritual ceremony.Maha^maudgalya^yana and“blood basin belief”appear in Manichaeism religious ritual ceremony books in Xiapu,which shows that Manichaeism mixes Buddhism,Taoism and folk culture,on the other hand,it also shows that Manichaeism in Xiapu has gradually integrated into folk culture in Fujian.