元顺帝北逃之地理与政略——以刘佶《北巡私记》为中心

Geography and Political Strategy of the Escape to the North by Emperor Shundi in Yuan Dynasty——Focusing on Liu Ji's Private Record of Northern Tour(北巡私记)

刘佶《北巡私记》记载了元顺帝北逃的过程,以及该过程中北元中枢政权政略的大要。依托该书记载,元顺帝北逃有三个地理节点:京畿、上都、应昌,随着重要地理节点的失去,元顺帝的复国梦想也随之破灭。元顺帝北逃时期的政略具有应激性与消极性的特点,且将领中失败情绪蔓延。与明朝北伐的战略战术及高级将领的主观能动性相比,元顺帝北逃后处在政略与军略的双重弱势中,这在客观上为明军的胜利奠定了基础。

Liu Ji(刘佶)'s Private Record of Tour to the North(北巡私记)records the process of Emperor Shundi in Northern Yuan Dynasty(元顺帝)escaping to the North,and the major political strategy of the central regime of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in this process.Based on the records of the book,this paper discusses the three geographical nodes of Yuan Shundi's northern flight:the Subordinate areas of the capital(京畿),Shangdu(上都)and Yingchang(应昌).It is believed that with the loss of important geographical nodes,Yuan Shundi's ideal of restoring the country had fell through.Yuan Shundi's political strategy in this period is characterized by stress and negativity,and the failure sentiment spread among his generals.If compared with the correct strategy and tactics of the Northern Expedition which started by Ming Dynasty,and the subjective initiative of senior generals,Yuan Shundi was in the double failure of political strategy and military strategy after escape to the north,which objectively laid the foundation for the victory of the Ming Army.