南省伴直和秘省伴直:唐末朝事乱象与文人心曲

Banzhi(伴直)in Shangshu Sheng and Imperial Library:Chaotic Political Affairs and Literati's Mental State in the Late Tang Dynasty

“伴直”,唐代寓直制度的衍生品,是夜晚陪伴朝官在宫中寓直的简称。关于唐代的寓直制度与文学的关系,学界已有研究,但“伴直”现象则无人关注。“伴直”在晚唐诗歌中为出现频次较高的词语,但未见唐代其他文献记载。在目前较流行的几部大型辞书如《辞源》《源海》《中文大辞典》《汉语大辞典》中,都没有被收录。而在有些诗文注释中则理解有误,如辛更儒所引周必大《跋陈晞颜和简斋陈去非诗》一文:“已愧王摩诘不能致孟浩然之伴,直当如裴垍他日对草吉甫之制耳。”^([1])把“伴直”二字断开,不知所云。又如李谊在韦庄《南省伴直》中注释道:“伴直:其为直宿也。时韦庄已第进士,为校书郎。(略)故当伴直也。”^([2])把“宿直”和“伴直”混为一谈,不明所指^([3])。

Banzhi is the official inviting others to accompany him in the imperial palace.From the early to the middle of the Tang Dynasty,the behaviour of Banzhi never happened.The officials of the court were always lonely,and they often sighed that they were unaccompanied.Banzhi appeared in the inscriptions of poet in the late Tang Dynasty.Although Banzhi is not recorded in history,the poems about Shangshu Sheng and imperial library,truly reflected the living conditions and psychological feelings of the literati on the eve of the demise of the Tang Dynasty.The literati in Shangshusheng and imperial library who is at low official rank or dilemma of imperial examination,their motivation to accompany others implied the sadness of official frustration,and reflected the depression and confusion of the literati before the demise of the dynasty.The poems of Banzhi at the end of the Tang Dynasty not only expressed the feelings of the literati at that time,but also made up for the lack of historical materials of the court system with high literary and historical value.