龙朔年间唐治理天山以北地区的尝试——以哥逻禄部破散问题为中心

The Tang Dynasty’s Attempt to Govern the North of the Tianshan Mountains in the Longshuo Period:Centered on the Split of the Geluolu Tribe

贞观十四年(640),唐平高昌,设西州。屯兵于可汗浮图城(今新疆昌吉州吉木萨尔县北护堡子古城)的西突厥叶护阿史那步真率部降唐[1]。唐在可汗浮图城设庭州,下置金满、蒲类二县[2]。贞观二十三年(649),唐在天山以北地区设瑶池都督府,任命降唐的阿史那贺鲁为瑶池都督[3]。瑶池都督府隶于安西都护府。

During the Longshuo period(661-663),after the suppression of the uprising of Ashna Helu,the Tang government urgently needed to establish a more effective management mechanism in the north of Tianshan mountains.The Turpan document“The case file of Xizhou government(西州都督府)appeasing Qarluq tribe in the second and third years of Longshuo period(662-663)”can be regarded as a typical case of the Tang court governing the northern area ofTianshan in this period.The three forces were involved in this incident:Qarluq tribe who moved from Jinshan to Jinmanzhou(金满州),Chuyue tribe(处月部)who had lived in Jinmanzhou before that time,the Tang Dynasty who regulated this incident as well s Y anran Supervision Office(燕然都护府)and Xizhou government etc.who implemented the decisions of the Tang Dynasly.There were two characteristics in this event:Firstly,an effective information transmission was formed,including the order to information from Shangshu Province(尚书省)to the Qarluq tribe as well as the report to information from Qarluq tribe to Xizhou government and then to the Tang court.Secondly,the flexible use of the institutions.Xizhou government actively listened to the opinions of Qarluq tribe and Chuyue tribe,and gave play to the suitability and effecliveness of the relevant institutions in dealing with the migration of the Qarluq tribe.In addition to the effective information transmission,the immigrated population,a large number of Jimi prefectures,the military and political management organization Jinshan Supervision Office,etc.together formed the military and political management foundation of the Tang Dynasty in the north of Tianshan.