唐朝军礼的政治实践关系探析——以讲武礼、射礼、田狩礼、献俘礼为例

Analysis on the Political Practice Relations of Millitary Ritual in the Tang Dynasty:Taking Parade Ritual,Shooting Ritual,Hunting Ritual,Offering Captive Ritual as Examples

军礼实施的目的在于宣示皇权,彰显武力,震慑敌对势力,巩固政治秩序。唐朝统治者以试图达到的目的为依据选择实施军礼,这种不同便成了以礼仪为媒介研究政治史的突破口。唐朝军礼共23种,其中讲武礼、射礼、田狩礼、献俘礼较为重要。讲武礼与田狩礼历史渊源颇深,其他礼仪彼此没有文本上的关联,然而梳理史料可知它们通过政治实践有了某种关联。礼仪在举行目的、传达信号和统治者个人好恶三种因素的相互作用下产生了延续、补充或替代的关系。

Parade ritual,shooting ritual,hunting ritual and offering captive ritual are important military ritual in the Tang Dynasty.The military ritual was chose to held according to different goals by the rulers of the Tang Dynasty and this choice became a breakthrough in the study of political history through the media of etiquette.Parade ritual and hunting ritual has history connection,but other rituals has no connection in text while which is the product of political practice.The four rituals have a continuing,complementary or alternative relationship under the interact with each other in purpose,communicated signal and the ruler’s personal likes and dislikes.The four rituals have a meaning beyond the text of rites respectively because of the political practice,which transcended the political design of the writers of the ritual.