摘要
唐代基层社会的制度安排曾受到中、日学者的广泛关注与热烈讨论,里制自是其中应有的内容[1]。虽然成果众多,但分歧也颇大,与唐代里制相关的很多议题至今仍存在争议,里、村关系就是其中之一。历来对唐代里、村关系的理解,主要以宫崎市定提出的"二重构造"说为主,即唐令的规定最终在基层社会形成了人为划分的乡、里与自然区分的村、坊并行的局面[2]。虽然鲁西奇对此提出了否定意见,但本文认为"二重构造"说可能更为符合唐代基层实际。
Since Ichisada Miyazaki published his opinion that the Xiang(乡),Li(里)which were divided artificially and Cun(村),Fang(坊)which were divided naturally existed at the same time in the decrees of the Tang Dynasty,his understanding of the relationship between Li and Cun of the Tang Dynasty had been basically accepted.Lu Xiqi repudiated this viewpoint,pointing out that Li system arranged by population and Cun-Fang system based on the places of abode didn’t exist simultaneously during the Tang Dynasty.Combining the ancient literature,tomb epitaphs of Tang Dynasty and manuscripts excavated from Turfan,it’s more likely that Li and Cun systems did exist at the same time.Although the differences between Li and Cun which represented by the duties,selection conditions and treatments of their responsible officers Lizheng(里正)and Cunzheng(村正)were remarkable,the essential differences were the scope and emphasis of their jurisdiction.Li paid particular emphasis on population and land,while Cun was primarily in charge of public security affairs within the settlement itself.In fact,it was the new feature of Li system in the Sui and Tang Dynasties to manage population and land and which made Li system played an important role in the grass-root society of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.The principle that"a hundred households made a Li"was just the reflection of the fundamental social control policy for the early Tang Dynasty which was men-centered.
