庙堂上下:唐宋兵学变革刍议

Research on the Reform of Military Science During the Tang and Song Dynasties

兵学是中国传统时代以兵家为主体、兵法兵书为载体的研究战争战事、战略战术和国防建设的军事理论学术。中国古代兵学自春秋时期以来形成较为系统的思想体系,经过秦汉魏晋的发展,到中古唐宋时期,兵学从形式到内容上呈现出明显的变革特征。学界多从历史宏观纵论或关注某一断代的兵学理论与实践,代表诸如刘庆、赵国华、陈峰、赵冬梅、魏鸿等学者的研究[1],但少有从唐宋变革的角度论之。今笔者不揣浅陋,试从中古唐宋长时段视域下,就唐宋时期兵学的主体、载体、组织、影响等角度探讨之,以求教于方家。

The military science is Chinese ancient military theory.Chinese military science showed obvious characteristics of change from form to content during period of the Tang and Song Dynasties.Military education started by the few private schools and it promoted to the official school by the national organization.Military research subject changed from the military into literati.Military personnel training and selection gradually institutionalized.It triggered a series of changes in military concepts from advocating force to strategy.