摘要
绪言百济和高句丽以和亲为标志缔结军事同盟(济丽同盟)的时间在公元643年,这是学界公认的说法[1]。在此之前,济丽两国长期处于对立状态,彼此互有攻伐。公元475年,高句丽攻陷百济王都汉城,杀死盖卤王,一度灭亡百济。文周王辗转熊津(现韩国忠清南道公州市)重新建国,为抵御高句丽而采取结好新罗的外交策略。公元538年,百济圣王迁都泗沘(现韩国忠清南道扶余郡),同时改国号为"南扶余",这个国号强烈地表现了百济对抗高句丽的意识[2]。公元550年前后,百济联合新罗、伽耶一度夺回汉城,旋即又放弃汉城。中国隋朝(581—618)建立之后,百济威德王于598年遣使向隋文帝表示愿为"军导",一同讨伐高句丽,但被文帝劝退。此后,百济武王在607年再度遣使"请兵"隋朝,这次隋炀帝应许,并且派出使者回访百济,商讨军期。然而,据《隋书·百济传》记载,事情急转直下,百济"实持两端",暗中"通和"高句丽,以致共讨一事不了了之。
The "alliance"recorded in Sui Shu-Bai Ji Zhuan contradicts the fact that Goguryeo attacked Baekje in 607."Alliance" is a misreading by Emperor Yang of Sui,and it is not a real event.Emperor Yang of Sui misunderstood the action of Baekje,which was inherited by the Tang Dynasty.This article discusses the differences between documentary records and historical facts.Actually,the relationship between Baekje and Goguryeo was opponent until 626.The time that Baekje united Goguryeo is 643.
