施用稻壳生物炭对番茄植株中Cu和Pb含量的影响

Effect of Rice Husk Biochar Application on the Contents Characteristics of Cu and Pb in Tomato Plants

采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了施用稻壳生物炭(1%和5%,质量比)对模拟重金属污染土壤(Cu和Pb含量分别是300和500 mg kg^-1)番茄植株中Cu和Pb含量的影响。结果表明:施用稻壳生物炭能够提高番茄的生物量,且番茄生物量随着生物炭施用量的增加而增加。稻壳生物炭施用量为5%的处理中番茄果实干重较未施生物炭的对照增加425%。此外,施用稻壳生物炭,改变土壤中重金属的形态分布,降低了番茄植株中Cu的累积量,但却使Pb的累积量略微增加。施用稻壳生物炭降低了番茄植株的Cu和Pb的生物富集系数和转运系数。稻壳生物炭5%的施用量效果最好,和对照相比,该处理使番茄植株体的Cu和Pb的生物富集系数分别降低了60.87%和44%,转运系数也分别降低了60.66%和70.00%。可见,施用稻壳生物炭能够增加番茄产量,钝化土壤中重金属Cu和Pb,降低其对番茄植株的污染与危害,达到"增产降污"的效果。

A pot experiment method was used to study the effects of rice husk biochar(BC 1%and 5%,mass ratio)on simulated heavy metal contaminated soil(Cu and Pb content are 300 and 500 mg kg^-1,respectively)Cu and Pb content in tomato plants.The results showed that the biomass of tomato was increased with the increase of BC application amount.The yield of tomato fruits was increased up to 425%with a 5%ratio of BC addition,compared with no biochar addition.In addition,BC addition changed soil heavy metals forms,decreased the Cu accumulation in tomato plants and slightly increased the accumulation of Pb in tomato plants.Bioaccumulation coefficient(BCF)and transport coefficient(TC)of Cu and Pb in tomato plants decreased with BC addition.For 5%BC treatment had the best effect.For 5%BC treatment,BCF of Cu and Pb in tomato was decreased by 60.87%and 44%,meanwhile,the TC was also decreased by 60.66%and 70.00%,respectively.Hence,BC application increased tomato yield,passivated heavy metals in the soil,reduced heavy metal pollution and its harm to tomato plants,and finally achieved the goals of"increasing production and reducing pollution".