1987—1993年巴勒斯坦起义:背景、特点与影响

On the Palestinian Intifada from 1987 to 1993:Background,Features and Influences

在以色列占领当局的蚕食高压政策下,巴勒斯坦被占领土经济形势恶化,市民社会迅速发展,实现了多方位的民众动员,本土居民接受了流亡精英的起义斗争思想,于1987年自发地掀起巴勒斯坦起义。青年是此次起义的中坚力量,本土人士与流亡精英首次密切合作,发起大规模的脱离接触运动,萌发了经济独立意识,努力提高自身的经济自给自足能力。尽管起义给巴以双方造成难以避免的经济损失,但它提高了巴勒斯坦人的自尊心,增强了流亡者和本土居民间的政治互补与彼此影响,改变了他们的国际形象,为其赢得了大量的国际同情,迫使以色列政府改变政策、走上与巴解组织的和谈之路。

Under the encroachment and high-handed policies of the Israeli occupation authority,the economic situation deteriorated,while the civil society developed rapidly in the occupied territories.Through mass mobilization in various aspects,the Palestinians in the occupied territories accepted the idea of uprising and struggle promoted by exiled elites,and spontaneously launched the Palestinian Intifada in 1987.Compared with other uprisings,the Intifada had its distinct features.The youth became the backbone of the Intifada,and the native Palestinians and exiled elites were working closely together for the first time.During the Intifada,a mass disengagement campaign was launched,while consciousness of economic independence grew among the Palestinians and they made efforts to improve their ability of economic self-sufficiency.Although the Intifada caused inevitable economic losses to both sides,it improved the self-esteem of the Palestinians,enhanced the political complementarities and mutual influence between exiled elites and the native Palestinians,improved their international image,won a great deal of international sympathy,and forced the Israeli government to change its policy and take the road of holding peace talks with the PLO.