《吉尔伽美什史诗》的文学伦理学解读

An Ethical Literary Interpretation of The Epic of Gilgamesh

《吉尔伽美什史诗》是已知的世界最古老的史诗。从文学伦理学的理论出发,文章分析了这部史诗的内涵与特征,并进一步考察了其所处的伦理语境,即丈夫、祖先权责更大的家庭关系以及家国一体的社会服从关系。史诗的主人公吉尔伽美什是君主,具有至高无上的权力,他一度突破伦理语境行事,最终又回到原有的伦理语境中,反映出新的伦理语境构建的潜能。从史诗的伦理语境可以看出,《吉尔伽美什史诗》比西方的《荷马史诗》更具备伦理属性。这是因为东方民族更注重社会中人与人之间关系的调节与伦理关系。从深层动因上来说,东方有其独特的亚细亚生产方式,这种生产方式需要人与人之间的密切协作。

The Epic of Gilgamesh is the oldest known epic in the world.Based on the theory of ethical literary criticism,this paper analyzes the connotation and characteristics of this epic,and further examines its ethical context,namely the family relationship with greater rights and responsibilities for husbands and ancestors,as well as the social obedience relationship of family and country integration.Gilgamesh,the hero of the epic,is the monarch.He has supreme power in ancient society.He once broke through the ethical context and finally returned to the ethical context,which also reflects the potential of building a new ethical context.The ethical context in the epic shows that The Epic of Gilgamesh has more ethical attributes than The Homer’s Epic.It is because the eastern ethnic groups pay more attention to the regulation of interpersonal relationships and ethical relationships in society.From a deeper perspective,the East has its unique Asiatic mode of production,which requires close collaboration between people.