美国和加拿大北纬45°边界线划定始末

The Demarcation of the 45° North Latitude Boundary Between the United States and Canada

在北美,北纬45°线作为边界线具有很长的历史,起初曾长期是荷兰与法国、英国与法国在北美殖民地以及英属北美不同殖民地间的分界线。作为美国与英属北美殖民地(加拿大)的边界,其划定历史是美国和加拿大整个东北部边界划定的一个缩影,具有很强的代表性。它历经两次英美战争、边界委员会勘测、尼德兰仲裁和1842年英美谈判等多个历史事件。同时,该边界又具有自己的特殊性,由于其本身的不准确性,经历了被承认、被否定到最终被接受的复杂过程,是观察、分析和平解决两国边界争端的示范案例,个中经验值得吸收和借鉴。

In North America,the forty-fifth parallel has a long history.At the very beginning,it had been a long time as the boundary line between the Netherlands and France’s colony,and then of the British and the France’s colony,and then the US and the British colony of North America.As the boundary between the United States and the British colony of North America(Canada),its demarcation is a microcosm of the whole boundary between the United States and Canada in the northeast,with a strong representative of experiencing two Anglo-American wars,boundary commission survey,Netherlands arbitration and 1842 Anglo-American negotiation.Meanwhile,the boundary has its own particularity.Due to its inaccuracy,it has gone through a complicated process from being admitted and denied to being finally accepted.It is a model case of observing and analyzing the peaceful settlement of the boundary dispute between the two countries,and the experience is worth learning.