政商关系与外交政策:以土耳其和伊拉克库尔德地区关系为例

State-Business Relation and Foreign Policy:Türkiye-Iraqi Kurdistan Relation as an Example

随着土耳其成为全球重要的贸易国家,其国内的商业协会,尤其是与执政的正义与发展党(正发党)关系密切的伊斯兰主义资产阶级商业协会逐渐崛起为重要的政策参与者。土耳其商业协会参与外交政策的方式有:建立与国家的互动平台、参加国家领导人的正式访问、参加政府间会议和谈判以及直接参与政策的制定过程。本文以土耳其和伊拉克库尔德地区的关系为例,研究商业协会在正发党执政的土耳其外交政策中的作用。在土耳其对伊拉克库尔德地区的外交政策中,土耳其商业协会发挥的作用主要体现在:推动土耳其在埃尔比勒设立领事馆、促进库尔德商人在土耳其的“合法化”以及在双方安全关系紧张时充当协调力量。

As Türkiye emerges as a globally trading nation,its domestic business associations,especially the Islamist bourgeoisie with close ties to the ruling Justice and Development Party(AKP),have gradually become important policy players.Turkish business associations are involved in foreign policy by establishing platforms for interaction with the state,accompanying state leaders in official visits,attending intergovernmental meetings and negotiations,and participating directly in policy making.The paper examines the role of business associations in the foreign policy of Türkiye under the ruling of AKP,using the relationship between Türkiye and the Iraqi Kurdistan Region as an example.In Türkiye's foreign policy towards the Iraqi Kurdistan Region,Turkish business associations have played a role in facilitating the establishment of a Turkish consulate in Erbil,in promoting the legitimization of Kurdish businessmen in Türkiye,and in acting as coordinating force in times of security tensions between the two sides.