演绎和归纳以外,中国学生的论说文还有什么特征?——比较修辞学视角

What Characterizes Chinese Students’ Exposition Besides Deduction and Induction?: A Comparative Rhetoric Perspective

几十年来对于演绎和归纳的认识错误导致了研究结果的争议。有些学者认为汉语和英语修辞无甚差别,还有些认为英语修辞教学无意义。本文采用比较修辞学视角,首先澄清演绎与归纳的含义,然后研究汉语论说文段落中除了演绎和归纳还有哪些区别性修辞特征,以及中国英语学习者的英语段落是否具有相似的特征。本研究收集了两种语料:高考语文满分作文和中国英语学习者的英语作文各29篇。结果显示,虽然汉语和英语作文都使用了演绎,但汉语作文更多地出现"修辞段"和"并列段";而英语作文则呈现出"混合修辞"。由此得出结论,中国写作者的汉语段落和英语段落,在修辞特征上都没有接近现代英语规范;英语修辞教学可以促使学习者反思两种修辞现象。

Rhetorical features of Chinese writers’essays have been studied for decades but inconsistent interpretations of deduction and induction lead to controversial results.Taking a comparative rhetoric perspective,this paper clarifies the notions of deduction and induction and investigates what rhetorical features characterize Chinese expository paragraphs besides deduction and induction and whether Chinese EFL learners’English paragraphs have similar features.Two kinds of data sources were used—29 full-score Chinese expositions in College Entrance Examinations and 29 English expositions written by Chinese EFL learners.The results show that deduction is preferred in both Chinese and EFL writing,and that rhetorical paragraphs and coordinate paragraphs are particular to Chinese writing while the EFL learners’paragraphs display hybrid rhetoric such as semi-coordination.It is concluded that neither Chinese paragraphs nor EFL ones are similar to the modern English rhetorical paradigm,and English rhetoric instruction will facilitate the introspection of the two kinds of rhetoric.