腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶与缺血再灌注损伤的研究进展

Advances in adenylate activated protein kinase and ischemia reperfusion injury

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated kinase,AMPK)存在于真核生物各组织、细胞中,是一种突变率低且相对保守的丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶,是生物体内一种重要的信号通路,是维持生物能量稳定、平衡的重要调节器,被称为"能量调控枢纽站"。目前研究显示:AMPK信号通路在能量代谢、糖代谢、脂肪代谢、蛋白质代谢中发挥着重要的作用,但其具体的病理生理过程及确切的机制尚未明确。近年来发现,AMPK与衰老、肥胖、心血管病、肿瘤等疾病有着密切的关系,尤其在心[1]、脑[2]、肾[3]、肝[4]等重要器官的缺血再灌注损伤(ischemia-reperfusion injury,IRI)中备受研究。有研究表明[5]:当机体发生缺血再灌注损伤而引起组织、细胞能量供给不足及代谢紊乱等改变时,AMPK将作为一种重要的保护机制系统而被激活,保证机体内环境维持在一个动态平衡状态。因此,以AMPK信号通路为中心作为重要器官IRI的治疗靶点,将会是一个突破性的研究。

Objective:Adenosine-activated protein kinase exists in various tissues and cells of eukaryotic organisms.It is a relatively conservative serine-threonine kinase with low mutation rate.It is an important signaling pathway in organisms and an important regulator to maintain the stability and balance of biological energy.It is called"energy control hub".Current studies have shown that AMPK signaling pathway plays an important role in energy metabolism,sugar metabolism,fat metabolism and protein metabolism,but its specific pathophysiological process and exact mechanism are not yet clear.In recent years,AMPK has been found to be closely related to aging,obesity,cardiovascular diseases,tumors and other diseases,especially in the ischemia-reperfusion injury of important organs such as heart[1],brain[2],kidney[3],liver[4].Studies have shown that[5]AMPK will be activated as an important protective mechanism system when ischemia-reperfusion injury causes changes in tissue,cell energy supply deficiency and metabolic disorders,so as to ensure that the internal environment of the body maintains a dynamic balance.Therefore,taking AMPK signaling pathway as the treatment target of IRI in important organs will be a breakthrough research.