民俗文化视域下的云南兴蒙蒙古族之旱涝灾害应对考察

A Study on the Responses to Drought and Flood Disasters of the Xingmeng Mongolian Ethnic Group in Yunnan from the Perspective of Folk Culture

云南兴蒙蒙古族是杞麓湖滨农耕文化的重要创造者之一。元明清以来,随着当地蒙古族的农业开发,杞麓湖西畔的蒙古族聚居地逐渐成为滇中的重要粮仓,然而,严重的水旱灾害常常给当地农业生产带来巨大的破坏。兴蒙蒙古族的民俗文化应对主要包括生活经验的传承、自然崇拜的祈愿和日常生活的禁忌,这些旱涝灾害的民俗文化应对一方面能较好地使民众意识活动脱离对特定事件因果的沉浸,调节当地群众的消极情绪,提升安全感,成为居民情感的疏导口;另一方面,浸润人民群众生存智慧的灾害经验总结和应对是当地蒙古族经历代传承留存的民俗文化精髓。

The Xingmeng Mongolian ethnic group in Yunnan is one of the most important creators of the Qilu Lake farming culture.Since the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,with the agricultural development of the local Mongolian,the West Bank of Qilu Lake has gradually become an important granary in Central Yunnan.However,serious floods and droughts often brought huge damages to local agricultural production.In the face of these natural adversities,the folk culture responses of the Xingmeng Mongolian ethnic group mainly included their inherited life experience,prayers to nature,and the use of taboos in daily life.These folk culture responses not only effectively helped the people to detach their consciousness from the immersion in the causality of specific events,regulate their negative emotions and enhance their sense of security,but also served as a channel of emotional release for the residents.Moreover,the summaries and responses of disaster experiences that have imbued the survival wisdom of the people are the essence of the local Mongolian folk culture that has been preserved and passed down through generations.