从禁苑射殿到外朝正殿——唐大明宫含元殿遗址新探

From the Shooting Hall of the Forbidden Court to the Main Hall of the Outer Court——Exploration of the Hanyuan Hall Site in the Daming Palace of Tang Dynasty

含元殿是大明宫外朝的正殿,地位崇高,1959—1960年和1995—1996年中国社会科学院考古研究所对其进行了两次发掘。学界对含元殿遗址有不同的解读,主要分歧在于遗址是否存在早晚分期,以及唐含元殿是否在隋观德殿基础上改拆而成,迄无定论。通过对含元殿遗址台基四周的永定柱柱洞、台面上残存的柱础石及夯土墙这几个重要的遗迹现象进行剖析,发现树立永定柱是为了支撑木制副阶平坐,而由于木制副阶的设置,导致大殿台基发生改变;另外,为改建重檐结构而加筑了三面夯土墙和南侧角柱,从而引起柱网的变化。这两大变化证实含元殿遗址确实存在分期,而早期遗址正是隋文帝开皇三年(583)所建的观德殿。

Hanyuan hall is the main hall of the outer court in the Daming Palace,holding a prestigious position.It has been excavated twice by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,once in 1959-1960 and again in 1995-1996.The academic community has different understandings about the site of Hanyuan hall.The main differences revolve around whether there existed different stages of the Hanyuan hall site,and whether the Hanyuan Hall of the Tang Dynasty was reconstructed on the foundation of the Guande Hall of the Sui Dynasty.Through an analysis of significant architectural remnants,such as the Yongding pillar holes around the foundation,the remaining column base stones on the platform and the rammed earth walls,it is discovered that the Yongding columns were erected to support a secondary floor,resulting in changes to the foundation of the main hall.Additionally,the construction of three rammed earth walls and corner column was carried out to modify the double-eave roof structure,leading to alterations in the column network.These findings confirm the existence of different construction periods at the Hanyuan Hall site,with the early site being the Guande Hall built in the third year of the first emperor,Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty(583 AD).