唐代军栅考论

A Studyon the Military Stockades in the Tang Dynasty

栅作为一种军事设施,最早出现在东汉后期的对羌战争中,南北朝时期,逐渐分化出具有固定名称及独立性的军栅,进而演变为一种基层军事建制。唐代的军栅可分为三种类型,分别为城栅、行军栅和边地军栅。其中城栅和行军栅属于军事附属设施;边地军栅作为军事建制在唐前期广泛置于边防要地,安史乱后则扩展至内地,中央朝廷在与地方强藩或叛藩接壤的地区亦常有设置,且成为战争中双方争夺的重要目标。

Stockades,as a type of military facility,first appeared during the late Eastern Han Dynasty in the war against the Qiang tribe.During the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,Stockades were differentiated into distinct types with fixed names,and gradually became a basic garrison unit.In the Tang Dynasty,military stockades could be divided into three types,city stockades,marching stockades,and borderland military stockades.Among them,the first two types served as military auxiliary facilities.In the early period of the Tang Dynasty,the borderland military stockades,as primary military establishments,were set up extensively in the key border areas and were under the military jurisdiction.After the An Lushan Rebellion,installing of military stockades was extended to the mainland areas and were extensively set up in areas bordering powerful local vassals or rebel vassals,making them an important targets of contention in wars.By the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties,military stockades changed from a pure military garrison unit to a place for both military and civilian purposes.