“十四五”期间我国基本公共服务面临的挑战

Challenges Faced by China’s Basic Public Services during the 14th Five-Year Plan

"十四五"期间,我国经济下行压力大,基本公共服务"提标扩面",支出需求提高,财政收支压力加大,促使基本公共服务规划要注重结构优化,保证公共支出加力提效。本文梳理了未来一段时间内基本公共服务面临的挑战,其中供给侧包括财政收支矛盾、代际分担断层、供给主体单一,需求侧矛盾集中在供给过剩与结构性短缺、人口流动与辖区供给。因此,应加快技术创新,对冲人口结构失衡的拖拽,深化社会化改革,实现服务供给主体多元化,基于主体功能区格局推进基本公共服务均等化,从国家层面提升大城市群的流动人口承载力。

As a key area for the construction and sharing of reform achievements,basic public service is closely related to people’s livelihood and the reproduction of social human capital,and the investment in this field is also the key expenditure at all levels.This paper investigates the challenges faced by the basic public services in the future.The pressure of basic public services comes from both the supply side and the demand side.Therefore,when designing the expenditure plan of basic public services,we should adjust the existing supply of basic public services based on the new situation and changes of the supply and demand side,improve the efficiency and effectiveness of supply,and further meet the basic needs of the citizens.