我国民商事群体性纠纷集团仲裁解决机制建构

当经营者将同类业务与多个当事人签订格式合同,约定将争议提交仲裁解决时,一旦因多起同质性争议引发民商事群体性纠纷,依照我国现行《仲裁法》,仲裁机构难以通过一个仲裁程序解决,进而导致陷入纠纷的“小额多数”求偿者救济困难。建构我国民商事群体性纠纷集团仲裁解决机制,不仅可以破解这一困局,也顺应了提升国家治理能力、维护人民群众利益、降低解纷成本、助力诉源治理、放大仲裁制度外溢效应等利益诉求。我国可通过修改《仲裁法》,以国家立法推动仲裁机构立规,以人民法院“一站式”多元纠纷解决和诉讼服务体系、常设仲裁机构和临时仲裁庭为运行载体,在可裁事项范围、仲裁庭自裁管辖权、仲裁条款解释、集团拟制与代表人产生、裁决效力扩张与执行等方面作出规定,建构具有中国特色的民商事群体性纠纷集团仲裁解决机制。

When business operators enter into model contracts with multiple parties for the same businesses,and agree to submit disputes to arbitration,once multiple identical disputes arise and lead to large-scale civil and commercial disputes,it becomes difficult for the arbitral authority to settle them through a single arbitration practice under the current Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China,which leads to difficulties in seeking remedies for the large-scale small claimants.Establishing a class arbitration mechanism for large-scale civil and commercial disputes in China can not only solve this dilemma,but also respond to the demands of improving the country's governance capacity,protecting the interests of the people,reducing the cost of dispute settlement,supporting the source control of litigation,and increasing the spillover effect of arbitration.China can solve this problem by amending the Arbitration Law,thereby promoting arbitral authorities to establish rules,and operating through the People's Courts'"one-stop"platforms,standing arbitration institutions,and ad hoc arbitral tribunals.In terms of the scope of arbitrable issue,the competence-competence of arbitral tribunal,the interpretation of arbitration clause,the formation of class,the election of representative,the expansion and execution of arbitration awards,etc.,rules can be formulated to establish the class arbitration mechanism for large-scale civil and commercial disputes with Chinese characteristics.