国际投资仲裁条约解释:价值权衡与规则构建

Treaty Interpretation in International Investment Arbitration:Trade off of Values and Rule Building

“裁决不一致”是国际投资仲裁饱受批评的现象,但“条约解释不一致”才是背后真正的原因和目前关键的问题。无论是基于价值目标的理论考量,还是基于国际投资仲裁的特性和改革方向的谋划,都应当将条约解释一致性追求的“可预测性”作为首要的价值追求。在规则框架的构建上,应当在实践基础上完善缔约国有权解释的介入机制,明确作为国际习惯法而且适合国际投资仲裁特性的VCLT解释规则的基础地位,引入“软先例”,同时谨慎使用其他解释方法和工具,推动国际投资仲裁条约解释的规范化。

“Inconsistent award”has been frequently criticized in international investment arbitration,but“inconsistent treaty interpretation”is the real reason and the vital issue at present.Whether it is theoretical consideration based on value goals or planning based on the characteristics and reform direction of international investment arbitration,the“predictability”pursued by the consistency of treaty interpretation should be the primary value.In the construction of the rule framework,the intervention mechanism that the contracting states have the right to interpret should be improved based on practice.As a framework that is international customary law and suitable for the characteristics of international investment arbitration,the fundamental status of the VCLT interpretation rules should be clarified,introduce“soft precedent”,and extremely prudently use other interpretation methods and tools,to ultimately promote the normalization of the treaty interpretation in international investment arbitration.