评MTD股权私人有限公司和MTD智利公司诉智利仲裁案

Review of MTD Equity Sdn. Bhd. and MTD Chile S.A. v. Republic of Chile

MTD股权私人有限公司和MTD智利公司诉智利仲裁案是投资者援引基础条约最惠国待遇“进口”第三方条约实体待遇,以合法扩展自身权利和权益的完美示范。该案由ICSID仲裁庭于2004年作出裁决,仲裁庭裁定智利违反双边投资协定中的公平公正待遇条款,但投资者也因未保护自己免受在智利投资的商业风险而被认定为存在共同过失。最终仲裁庭以50%的赔偿比例部分支持了投资者的诉求。同年,智利不服裁决提出暂缓执行裁决和撤销裁决请求,并质疑仲裁庭对共同过失裁定50%划分比例缺乏精确解释的做法。最终,专门撤销委员会分别于2005年和2007年驳回了智利的两项请求,并确认仲裁庭有关于划分共同过失损害比例承担的自由裁量权。该案仲裁庭对公平公正待遇和最惠国待遇条款作出了较好阐释,且展示了仲裁庭对共同过失损失分配的自由裁量空间和对复利的基本支持态度。

The case of MTD Equity Sdn.Bhd.and MTD Chile S.A.v.Republic of Chile is one of the typical cases of an investor using Most-Favoured Nation treatment to“import”the entities treatment of a third BIT in order to legitimately extend its rights and interests.The ICSID Tribunal rendered the award in 2004,which found that Chile had breached the fair and equitable treatment provisions of the BIT,but that the investors were also found contributory negligence for failing to protect themselves from the commercial risks of investing in Chile.The tribunal ultimately upheld the investors’claim in part with a 50%award.In September 2004,Chile filed an application for stay of enforcement and annulment against the award,in which it challenged the lack of precision in the interpretation of the 50%division of the tribunal’s finding of contributory negligence.Ultimately,ad hoc Committee dismissed both Chilean requests in 2005 and 2007 respectively,and confirmed the discretion of the tribunal in relation to the apportionment ratio of contributory negligence.The case provides a good interpretation of the fair and equitable treatment and Most-Favoured Nation treatment clauses and demonstrates the tribunal’s discretionary latitude in the allocation of damages for contributory negligence and its largely supportive attitude towards compound interest.