涉华仲裁裁决在俄罗斯承认和执行的案例分析及思考

Cases Analysis and Reflection on the Recognition and Enforcement of China-Related Arbitral Awards in Russia

本文对司法审查外国仲裁裁决的俄罗斯仲裁法院体系做了介绍和说明,文中选择涉华仲裁裁决在俄罗斯承认和执行中易于发生的案例,尤其是因被申请人所在地不明和开庭适当通知所引起的纠纷案件,结合国际法、俄罗斯联邦法律以及对照中国相关法律进行了分析和评述,指出一些俄罗斯仲裁法院将国家统一法人登记簿摘要中被申请人法定地址,而不是把合同中指定的被申请人地址作为邮件通知的依据,有悖于国际商事仲裁当事人意思自治的原则,超越了审理承认和执行外国仲裁裁决申请的法律限制。针对涉俄仲裁文件的邮寄送达方式,合同中仲裁条款的拟定,笔者提出了示范性的具体建议,旨在提醒中国商务人员在涉俄商务谈判和签订合同时,提前了解俄罗斯联邦有关法律,采取必要的预先防范措施。

This paper introduces and illustrates the Russian arbitration court system for judicial review of Foreign Arbitral Awards.Integrating and contrasting with International Law,Russian Federation Law and the relevant laws of China,typical cases were chose to analyze and review which have been frequently happened in the recognition and enforcement of Chinarelated arbitration awards in Russia,especially the dispute cases caused by the unknown location of the respondent and the appropriate notice of trial.Accordingly,the author points out that some Russian arbitration courts take the legal address of the respondent in the abstract of the unified national register of legal persons as the basis for notification by mail,instead of the address of the respondent specified in the contract,which goes against the principle of autonomy of the parties in international commercial arbitration and exceeds the legal restrictions on the application for recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards.In view of the mode of service by mailing of Russia-related arbitration documents and the formulation of arbitration clauses in the contract,the author puts forward concrete and exemplary suggestions,aiming to remind Chinese business personnel to understand the relevant laws of the Russian Federation in advance and take necessary preventive measures when negotiating and signing contracts with Russian counterparts.