虚假仲裁中案外人权利保障机制研究(上)

Protection Mechanism of the Outsiders’ Rights in False Arbitration(Ⅰ)

分析虚假仲裁中案外人权利受损的法律成因,不仅对确定2018年《最高人民法院关于人民法院办理仲裁裁决执行案件若干问题的规定》第9条、第18条的适用对象和适用范围有决定性意义,也是完善中国民事诉讼体制的一次重要契机。以生效裁判对案外人合法权益构成侵害为标准,法律意义上的虚假仲裁只存在于合同被撤销后仲裁当事人回复所有权、分割共有财产以及因虚假仲裁致使案外人无法另诉三种情形。对生效裁判作用方式的误读、既判力和执行力相对化理念的缺失、确认之诉诉讼标的的不当膨胀、对另行起诉制度的忽视、虚假法律行为无效及损害赔偿案件证明责任分配的不合理是虚假仲裁的根本法律成因,只有对上述问题作出实质回应,才能从根本上保护案外人的合法权益。

The analysis on the legal cause of false arbitration and its solution plays a very important role for confirming the conditions of consequence under article 9 and article 18 of the "Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues concerning the Handling of Cases regarding Enforcement of Arbitral Awards by the People’s Courts", and adjusting the architecture of civil procedure. According to the relationship between final decision and legal damage of the outsiders of the arbitration, the false arbitration in the legal sense can be limited to three groups, which are the revocation of the contract, the partition of a commonly owned real property or movable property if no agreement is reached, and the obstacle of a new lawsuit for the outsiders of the arbitration. The misunderstanding for the operation of the final decision, the disregard of the new process for the outsiders of the arbitration, the absence of so-called res judicata, the imperfection of burden of proof and penalty mechanism should be considered for the most important legal causes of false arbitration. The solution of false arbitration depends on the improvement of those defects in Chinese Civil Procedure.