身份获取与资源拼凑:社会投资进入养老服务市场的策略分析

Identity Acquisition and Resource Bricolage:A Strategic Analysis of Social Investment into the Elderly Care Service Market

社会投资如何有效参与养老服务市场是备受关注的重要议题。文章通过对一家养老服务组织发展史的观察,揭示了社会投资以“工商企业+民办非企业单位(简称‘民非’)”双重组织身份参与养老服务市场的动因与行为逻辑。研究发现,注册民非身份是为了拼凑政府资源、获取组织外部声誉和规模性用户,从而克服组织新生困境;注册工商身份则是为了拼凑产权、融资、分支机构设置等市场资源,从而增强组织发展能力。双重身份下的资源拼凑实践让社会投资在养老服务市场中拥有了灵活性与权变性,为它们带来了更多的发展资源和空间。但也使得组织在性质与产权结构上存在模糊性与冲突性,使组织在进一步发展过程中面临政府与市场的双向掣肘。研究建议,政府政策应改革养老服务市场中现有的身份制度,探索养老服务市场主体的社会企业发展道路。通过理清养老服务市场中营利与非营利、公益与投资的边界,形成政府、社会组织和企业三部门的良性互动与有效合作,促进中国养老服务市场的可持续发展。

How social investment can effectively participate in the elderly care service market is an important issue of great concern.The article reveals the motivation and behavior logic of social investment in the elderly care service market through the observation of the development history of an elderly care service organization with the dual identity of“commercial enterprise+private non-enterprise unit”.The study found that registration of private non-enterprise unit status was used to cobble together government resources,gain external organizational reputation and large-scale users to overcome organizational nascent dilemmas.The registration of commercial enterprise status is for the purpose of piecing together market resources such as property rights,financing,branch setup,etc.,thus enhancing the organization’s ability to grow.The practice of piecing together resources under dual identity gives social investment flexibility and discretion in the elderly care market,bringing them more resources and space for development for market players of elderly.But it also makes the organization ambiguous and conflicting in nature and property rights structure,which makes the organization face the two-way constraints of government and market in the process of further development.The study recommends that government policies should reform the existing identity system in the elderly care service market and explore the path of social enterprise development for market players of elderly.By clarifying the boundaries between profit and non-profit,public welfare and investment in the elderly care service market and forming a healthy interaction and effective cooperation among the government,social organizations and enterprises,the sustainable development of China’s elderly care service market will be promoted.