数字资本主义的生成机制及基本特征

Formation Mechanism and Basic Characteristics of Digital Capitalism

数字资本主义是对数字媒介主导的资本主义发展阶段的统称。从内在生成机制看,它是互联网信息技术的涌现对当代资本主义重构的过程。可从"数字资本积累"、"数字活劳动创造"和"数字剩余价值剥削"等方面对其进行理解。其中,互联网信息技术的革命、普及和进一步发展,分别为数字资本积累、大量数字活劳动的产生以及数字剩余价值的生产提供了条件。就主要特征来说,与传统工业资本主义和金融资本主义相比,数字资本主义主要呈现为"数字泰勒主义盛行"与"生活生产化"。前者表现为劳动工具统一化、劳动操作极简化和规训手段自动化,后者表现为生活空间工厂化和生活时间殖民化。无论其表现形态如何变化,数字资本主义本质上仍然从属于资本主义,其受资本逻辑支配所必然带有的剥削性和强制性没变。批判数字资本主义不是要否定数字化带来的生产力进步,而是要展示从数字劳动异化中解放出来的可能性。

Digital capitalism is a general term for capitalism dominated by digital media.In term of internal formation mechanism,it is the reconstruction process of contemporary capitalism with the advent of the Internet and information technology.It can be comprehended from"digital capital accumulation","digital labor and creation"and"digital exploitation of surplus value".The revolution,popularization and further development of the Internet and information technology respectively paves the way for the accumulation of digital capital,massive digital production and the creation of digital surplus value.Compared with conventional industrial capitalism and financial capitalism,digital capitalism is characterized by"the prevalence of digital Taylorism"and"production-oriented life".The former can be seen from the use of the same tools,extremely simplified operation,and automatic regulation,while the latter can be seen from industrialized living space and colonized time for life.Despite all the changes in its form,digital capitalism is still capitalism in essence,and it is exploitative and coercive as it is subject to capital logic.Criticizing digital capitalism is not to deny the productivity progress brought by digitalization,but to show the possible liberation from the alienation of digital labor.