隐喻认知的具身性及文化过滤性

The Dual Structure of Embodied-Cultural Effects on Metaphorical Cognition

人类身体数千年以来均被视为一种介质来用于认识和体验外部世界,这种"体认"世界的过程被赋予了底蕴深厚的隐喻性。隐喻不仅仅是纯粹的修辞手段,更是基础的人类认知与思维方式。隐喻认知虽具有身体或心理基础,但其又不可避免地要受到文化模型的影响,文化和身体共同成为影响人类语言的重要因素,二者缺一不可。隐喻作为自我认知的具象体现,蕴含着人类生理基础、身体体验的共性,暗合"近取诸身、远取诸物"。同时,不同的文化模型也塑造和影响了人们的信仰、行为方式及其对世界和自身经历的讨论方式,因此,隐喻也不可避免地反映着不同民族与文化的个性。基本隐喻多基于身体经验,而复杂隐喻将基本隐喻与文化融合,更倾向于具有文化特异性。通过梳理隐喻认知的具身性和文化性,可以厘清隐喻认知、身体与文化三者之间的复杂关系以及隐喻认知的文化性对其具身性的过滤作用,这为研究隐喻认知提供了新的视角。

For thousands of years,human body has been regarded as a medium for understanding and experiencing the external world.This process of"understanding"the world has been endowed with profound metaphorical meaning.Metaphor is not only a rhetorical device,but also a basic way of human cognition and thinking.Although metaphorical cognition has a physical or psychological basis,it is inevitably affected by the cultural model.Culture and body are both important factors affecting human language.Metaphor not only reveals the universality of human physiological basis and physical experience,but also reflects the individuality of different nationalities and cultures.Basic metaphors are often based on body experience,while complex metaphors,combining basic metaphors with culture,tend to be culturally specific.By sorting out the embodiment and cultural nature of metaphorical cognition,this paper discussed the relationship among embodiment,culture and metaphor,as well as the filtering effect(filtration)of metaphorical cognition’s cultural nature on its embodiment,so as to provide a new research perspective for exploring metaphorical cognition.